Bengal Volunteers was an underground revolutionary group against the British rule of India.The group was functional from its inception in 1928 to the Indian independence. Bengal Volunteers decided to launch ‘Operation Freedom’ in the early 1930s, primarily to protest against the police repression in different jails in Bengal.
In August 1930, the revolutionary group planned to kill Lowman, the Inspector General of Police who was due to present in the Medical School Hospital in Dhaka to see an ailing senior police official undergoing treatment. On 29 August 1930, Benoy Basu who was a student of the Medical School, casually clad in a traditional Bengali attire, breached the security and fired at close range. Lowman died instantly and Hodson, the Superintendent of Police, was grievously injured. Later on Benoy Basu managed to escape to Kolkata from Dhaka
The next target was Col N.S. Simpson, the Inspector General of Prisons, who was infamous for the brutal oppression of the prisoners in the jails. The revolutionaries decided not only to kill him, but also to strike terror in British official circles by launching an attack on the Secretariat Building – the Writers’ Building in the Dalhousie square in Kolkata.
On 8 December 1930, Benoy Basu along with Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta, dressed in European costume, entered the Writers’ Building and shot Simpson dead.
British police started firing. What ensued was a brief gunfight between the three young revolutionaries and the police. Some other officers including Twynam, Prentice, and Nelson suffered injuries during the shooting.
Soon police overpowered them. However, the three did not wish to be arrested. Badal took potassium cyanide, while Benoy and Dinesh shot themselves with their own revolvers. Badal died on the spot. Benoy was taken to the hospital where he died on 13 December 1930 after he infected his wound by repeatedly putting his finger into it. Dinesh survived the near-fatal injury. He was convicted and the verdict of the trial was death by hanging for anti-government activities and murder.
Apart from these, members of the Bengal Volunteers were active throughout the period of 1930’s till the Indian independence, being devoted to the cause to free India from the rule of the British Raj
Memorial Today : B.B.D. Bagh, formerly called Dalhousie Square, is the shortened version for Benoy-Badal-Dinesh Bagh. B.B.D. stands for three young Indian independence freedom fighters who on 8 December 1930 shot dead the Inspector General of Prisons, N.S. Simpson, in the balconies of the Writers’ Building of the then Dalhousie Square. The square had been named after Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of India from 1847 to 1856. At different times it has been called ‘The Green before the Fort’ or Tank Square
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